【編者按】2025年是中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利80周年。在這場關(guān)乎民族存續(xù)的戰(zhàn)爭中，來自五洲四海的國際友人，不畏艱險遠(yuǎn)渡重洋，以醫(yī)療救助、戰(zhàn)地報道、技術(shù)支援等多種形式投身這場民族解放事業(yè)。大道不孤，白求恩大夫的手術(shù)刀、斯諾的新聞筆、拉貝的安全區(qū)等都是跨越國界的生命印記?！渡胶庸嗜诉h(yuǎn)道來》國際傳播系列報道，以中英雙語視頻結(jié)合AI動畫技術(shù)再現(xiàn)歷史細(xì)節(jié)，致敬跨越國界的信念之光。
【Editor's Note】
2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. In this war that concerned the survival of the nation, international friends from all over the world braved dangers and crossed the seas to join the cause of national liberation in various forms such as medical aid, war reporting, and technical support. The path of righteousness is not lonely. Dr. Bethune's scalpel, Snow's journalistic pen, and Rabe's safety zone are all life marks that transcend national borders. The international communication series "From Afar Came the Unforgotten" uses bilingual Chinese-English videos combined with AI animation technology to reproduce historical details and pay tribute to the light of belief that transcends national borders.
在陜西省延安市志丹縣的保安革命舊址，毛澤東曾住過的窯洞里，一張照片引人矚目。照片中的毛澤東戴著八角帽，頭微側(cè)向左，劍眉微皺，神態(tài)儒雅。
這是毛澤東所有照片中發(fā)行量最大的一張，它的拍攝者是美國記者埃德加·斯諾。
穿越封鎖線：記者與紅色中國的相遇
1936年，陜北保安縣（今志丹縣）的窯洞里，31歲的美國記者埃德加·斯諾拍去外套上的黃土，向毛澤東拋出關(guān)乎中國革命之問。彼時陜甘寧邊區(qū)被國民黨嚴(yán)密封鎖，外界對中國共產(chǎn)黨抗日真相知之甚少，種種不實傳言甚囂塵上。
為何白色恐怖下仍有成千上萬人冒著生命危險加入紅軍？中國共產(chǎn)黨黨員是群什么樣的人？什么使他們成為頑強(qiáng)到令人難以置信的戰(zhàn)士？為探明真相，斯諾在宋慶齡的幫助下，懷著“拿一個外國人腦袋去冒一下險”的心情，帶著一封介紹信、兩架照相機(jī)和24卷膠卷，成為首位突破封鎖進(jìn)入陜北蘇區(qū)的西方記者。
斯諾的到來，打破了信息壁壘。他與中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人促膝長談，深入了解其抗戰(zhàn)理念與戰(zhàn)略方針。他記錄下周恩來“兼具學(xué)者冷靜與革命者激情”的特質(zhì)，收錄了彭德懷用懸賞緝拿自己的傳單背面印制宣傳品的慨然無畏，還留存了毛澤東親述的個人經(jīng)歷和長征細(xì)節(jié)。無數(shù)個窯洞的夜晚，蠟燭畢剝著火花，斯諾伏在鋪著紅氈的桌上奮筆疾書，直至疲倦入睡。
斯諾還深入邊區(qū)，與戰(zhàn)士、百姓交流，親身體驗到軍民一心、共御外敵的堅定信念。在西征戰(zhàn)場上，聽指戰(zhàn)員講述強(qiáng)渡大渡河、飛奪瀘定橋，他盛贊長征是“軍事史上的偉大業(yè)績之一”。
1936年10月，埃德加·斯諾離開保安縣，他在后來的書中寫道，“我心里很難過，覺得不是在回家，而是在離家?！?span style="display:none">4cJ即熱新聞——關(guān)注每天科技社會生活新變化gihot.com
筆底驚雷：紅星震撼世界的旅程
4個月的采訪讓斯諾獲得了16本筆記、24卷膠卷等一手材料，離開陜北后，他寫出了《紅星照耀中國》一書。1937年10月，《紅星照耀中國》出版，一經(jīng)問世便引起轟動，在最初的幾星期內(nèi)就銷售了10萬余冊，至12月已連續(xù)重印了5版。
該書一舉刺破國民黨反動派長期的新聞封鎖，不僅向全世界宣告了中國工農(nóng)紅軍的存在，而且以鐵的事實，回答了全世界人民關(guān)注的一個重大問題：地處邊區(qū)的中國共產(chǎn)黨，是反對日本侵略的核心力量，是中國的未來和希望。
它先后被翻譯成近20種文字，幾十年間傳遍了全世界，有著億萬讀者。二戰(zhàn)期間，美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福3次約見斯諾討論中國問題，了解毛澤東等中共領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，表達(dá)出希望與中共直接打交道的愿望。
烽火擺渡：從記錄者到行動者的跨越
斯諾不僅是一位記錄者，更是一位行動者。
1937年盧溝橋事變后，全面抗日戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)。斯諾不愿做“中立者”，成為一名堅定的反法西斯戰(zhàn)士。日本軍隊占領(lǐng)北平后，斯諾以自己的特殊身份，掩護(hù)遭受日本侵略者迫害的大學(xué)教授和愛國學(xué)生。他允許游擊隊在自己家中設(shè)立秘密電臺，還親自護(hù)送在北平療養(yǎng)的鄧穎超到天津直至其登船脫離險境。
未名星芒：跨越世紀(jì)的文明長橋
新中國成立后，斯諾以“觀察者”與“架橋者”的雙重身份三次訪華，見證東方大國的蛻變。1970年，他攜夫人參加我國國慶觀禮，在天安門上受到毛澤東和周恩來的接見。次年，斯諾在美國《生活》月刊撰文，為中美關(guān)系破冰提供關(guān)鍵助力，成為尼克松訪華的重要推動力量。
1972年2月15日（尼克松抵華前一周），斯諾病逝于日內(nèi)瓦。彌留之際，斯諾留下遺囑：“我愛中國，我愿在我死后把我的一部分留在那里，就像我活著時那樣?！?依照遺囑，其骨灰分葬美國故土與北大未名湖畔。葉劍英親筆題寫的“中國人民的美國朋友埃德加·斯諾之墓”，被鎦金鐫刻于墓碑之上。
歲月流轉(zhuǎn)，如今未名湖畔的墓碑旁，青松郁郁，碑銘熠熠。常有青年學(xué)子駐足靜讀，他們俯身讀碑的身影，勾勒出對“以筆為刃”年代最靜默的致敬——那些為真理跋涉的腳步，早已在歷史肌理中鑄刻成永恒坐標(biāo)。斯諾用新聞之筆劈開的認(rèn)知壁壘，此刻正化作松針間的光斑，跳動在年輕一代的瞳孔深處。
In Bao'an Revolutionary Site in Zhidan County, Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, a photo in the cave dwellings where Mao Zedong once lived catches the eye. In the photo, Mao Zedong was wearing an eight-panel cap. With his head slightly tilted and his sword-like eyebrows furrowed, he exuded a demeanor that was both refined and resolute. This was the most widely circulated photo of Mao Zedong and it was captured by the Western journalist Edgar Snow.
Breaking Through the Blockade: A Journalist's Encounter with Red China
In 1936, in a cave dwelling in Bao'an County(now Zhidan County), Shaanbei(northern Shaanxi), the 31-year-old American journalist Edgar Snow brushed the yellow soil off his coat and posed questions to Mao Zedong that were crucial to the Chinese revolution. At that time, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region was under a strict blockade by the Kuomintang, and the outside world knew very little about the truth of the resistance against Japanof the Communist Party of China, with all kinds of false rumors spreading widely.
Why, under the reign of white terror, did tens of thousands of people still risk their lives to join the Red Army? Who were the Chinese Communists back then? What made them such incredibly tenacious fighters? To get to the truth, with the help of Soong Ching-ling, and with the mindset of "taking the risk of a foreigner's head," Edgar Snow, armed with a letter of introduction, two cameras, and 24 rolls of film, became the first Western journalist to break through the blockade and enter the Shaanbei Soviet area.
Snow's arrival broke through the information blockade. He had heart-to-heart talks with the Chinese Communist leaders and gained an in-depth understanding of their concepts and strategic guidelines for the resistance against Japan. He documented Zhou Enlai's "dual qualities of a scholar's calmness and a revolutionary's passion," photographed Peng Dehuai's fearlessness in using the back of a wanted poster with a bounty on his own head to print propaganda, and also preserved Mao Zedong's personal experiences and details of the Long March as narrated by himself. In countless nights in the cave dwellings, with the candles crackling and sparking, Snow would bend over a table covered with a red felt, writing vigorously until he fell asleep from exhaustion.
Snow also delved into the border region, interacting with soldiers and civilians, and personally experienced the unwavering belief of the military and people united against foreign enemies. On the battlefield of the Western Expedition, the heroic deeds of the officers and soldiers, such as the forced crossing of the Dadu River and the capture of the Luding Bridge, left him in awe: "These are among the great feats in military history."
In October 1936, Edgar Snow left Bao'an County. In his later book, he wrote, "I felt very sad inside. It seemed not like I was going home, but rather leaving home."
Thunder in the Ink: The Journey of the Red Star That Shook the World
During his four-month interview, Snow obtained first-hand materials including 16 notebooks and 24 rolls of film. After leaving Shaanbei, he wrote the book "Red Star Over China." In October 1937, "Red Star Over China" was published and caused a sensation. It sold more than 100,000 copies in the first few weeks and had been reprinted five times by December.
The book pierced through the long-standing news blockade of the Kuomintang reactionaries at one stroke. It not only declared to the whole world the existence of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, but also answered with undeniable facts a significant question that had been on the minds of people worldwide: CPC（Communist Party of China）, based in the border region, was the leading force in China's War of Resistance Against Japanand the future and hope of China.
It has been translated into nearly 20 languages and has spread throughout the world over the decades, with hundreds of millions of readers. During World War II, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt met with Edgar Snow three times to discuss issues related to China, to understand the Chinese Communist leaders such as Mao Zedong, and to express his desire to deal directly with the Communist Party of China.
Ferry in the War: From a Recorder to an Actor
Snow was not only a recorder, but also an activist. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, China's whole-nation resistance war against Japanese aggression broke out. Snow didn't want to be a "neutral", he became a staunch anti - fascist fighter. After the Japanese troops occupied Beiping, Snow used his special status to shelter university professors and patriotic students who were persecuted by the Japanese invaders. He allowed guerrillas to set up a secret radio station in his home and personally escorted Deng Yingchao, who was convalescing in Beiping, to Tianjin until she boarded a ship and got out of danger.
Weiming Starlight: A Century-Spanning Bridge of Civilization
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Snow, as an "observer"and a "bridge-builder", visited China three times, witnessing the transformation of a great Eastern country. In 1970, he attended the National Day celebrations of our country with his wife and was received by Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai on the Tiananmen Rostrum. The following year, he wrote an article for "Life" magazine in the US, which provided crucial impetus for breaking the ice in China-US relations and became an important driving force for Nixon's visit to China.
One week before Nixon's arrival in China, Snow passed away in Geneva. On his deathbed, he left a will stating: "I love China, and I would like a part of me to remain there after death, just as it was during my life." In accordance with his will, his ashes were interred partly in his hometown in the US and partly by the Weiming Lake at Peking University in China. The inscription "In Memory of Edgar Snow, An American Friend of the Chinese People," written by Ye Jianying himself, was gilded and engraved on the tombstone.
As time passes, beside the Weiming Lake, the tombstone is now surrounded by lush green pines and gleaming inscriptions. Often, young students stop to read quietly. Those figures of young students bending over the memorial stones trace the quietest homage to that "pen-as-sword" era. Those steps taken for the truth have long been cast into eternal coordinates within the texture of history. The cognitive barriers that Snow broke down with his journalistic pen are now transformed into the specks of light among the pine needles, flickering deep in the pupils of the younger generation.
?。ú糠炙夭膩碓矗褐泄仓醒朦h史和文獻(xiàn)研究院、中國國家博物館、新華社、參考消息網(wǎng)等）
無限工作室出品
策劃：魏鵬 辛然
文案：沙斯媛 武瑋佳
翻譯、配音：武瑋佳
剪輯：郭篤帥 馬茜
本文鏈接：http://m.enbeike.cn/news-4-9734-0.html山河故人遠(yuǎn)道來丨斯諾：以筆為刃，鐫刻赤色星芒
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